Convolutional Neural Networks

Project: Write an Algorithm for a Dog Identification App


In this notebook, some template code has already been provided for you, and you will need to implement additional functionality to successfully complete this project. You will not need to modify the included code beyond what is requested. Sections that begin with '(IMPLEMENTATION)' in the header indicate that the following block of code will require additional functionality which you must provide. Instructions will be provided for each section, and the specifics of the implementation are marked in the code block with a 'TODO' statement. Please be sure to read the instructions carefully!

Note: Once you have completed all of the code implementations, you need to finalize your work by exporting the iPython Notebook as an HTML document. Before exporting the notebook to html, all of the code cells need to have been run so that reviewers can see the final implementation and output. You can then export the notebook by using the menu above and navigating to \n", "File -> Download as -> HTML (.html). Include the finished document along with this notebook as your submission.

In addition to implementing code, there will be questions that you must answer which relate to the project and your implementation. Each section where you will answer a question is preceded by a 'Question X' header. Carefully read each question and provide thorough answers in the following text boxes that begin with 'Answer:'. Your project submission will be evaluated based on your answers to each of the questions and the implementation you provide.

Note: Code and Markdown cells can be executed using the Shift + Enter keyboard shortcut. Markdown cells can be edited by double-clicking the cell to enter edit mode.

The rubric contains optional "Stand Out Suggestions" for enhancing the project beyond the minimum requirements. If you decide to pursue the "Stand Out Suggestions", you should include the code in this IPython notebook.


Why We're Here

In this notebook, you will make the first steps towards developing an algorithm that could be used as part of a mobile or web app. At the end of this project, your code will accept any user-supplied image as input. If a dog is detected in the image, it will provide an estimate of the dog's breed. If a human is detected, it will provide an estimate of the dog breed that is most resembling. The image below displays potential sample output of your finished project (... but we expect that each student's algorithm will behave differently!).

Sample Dog Output

In this real-world setting, you will need to piece together a series of models to perform different tasks; for instance, the algorithm that detects humans in an image will be different from the CNN that infers dog breed. There are many points of possible failure, and no perfect algorithm exists. Your imperfect solution will nonetheless create a fun user experience!

The Road Ahead

We break the notebook into separate steps. Feel free to use the links below to navigate the notebook.

  • Step 0: Import Datasets
  • Step 1: Detect Humans
  • Step 2: Detect Dogs
  • Step 3: Create a CNN to Classify Dog Breeds (from Scratch)
  • Step 4: Use a CNN to Classify Dog Breeds (using Transfer Learning)
  • Step 5: Create a CNN to Classify Dog Breeds (using Transfer Learning)
  • Step 6: Write your Algorithm
  • Step 7: Test Your Algorithm

Step 0: Import Datasets

Import Dog Dataset

In the code cell below, we import a dataset of dog images. We populate a few variables through the use of the load_files function from the scikit-learn library:

  • train_files, valid_files, test_files - numpy arrays containing file paths to images
  • train_targets, valid_targets, test_targets - numpy arrays containing onehot-encoded classification labels
  • dog_names - list of string-valued dog breed names for translating labels
In [1]:
from sklearn.datasets import load_files       
from keras.utils import np_utils
import numpy as np
from glob import glob

# define function to load train, test, and validation datasets
def load_dataset(path):
    data = load_files(path)
    dog_files = np.array(data['filenames'])
    dog_targets = np_utils.to_categorical(np.array(data['target']), 133)
    return dog_files, dog_targets

# load train, test, and validation datasets
train_files, train_targets = load_dataset('/data/dog_images/train')
valid_files, valid_targets = load_dataset('/data/dog_images/valid')
test_files, test_targets = load_dataset('/data/dog_images/test')

# load list of dog names
dog_names = [item[20:-1] for item in sorted(glob("/data/dog_images/train/*/"))]

# print statistics about the dataset
print('There are %d total dog categories.' % len(dog_names))
print('There are %s total dog images.\n' % len(np.hstack([train_files, valid_files, test_files])))
print('There are %d training dog images.' % len(train_files))
print('There are %d validation dog images.' % len(valid_files))
print('There are %d test dog images.'% len(test_files))
Using TensorFlow backend.
There are 133 total dog categories.
There are 8351 total dog images.

There are 6680 training dog images.
There are 835 validation dog images.
There are 836 test dog images.

Import Human Dataset

In the code cell below, we import a dataset of human images, where the file paths are stored in the numpy array human_files.

In [2]:
import random
random.seed(8675309)

# load filenames in shuffled human dataset
human_files = np.array(glob("/data/lfw/*/*"))
random.shuffle(human_files)

# print statistics about the dataset
print('There are %d total human images.' % len(human_files))
There are 13233 total human images.

Step 1: Detect Humans

We use OpenCV's implementation of Haar feature-based cascade classifiers to detect human faces in images. OpenCV provides many pre-trained face detectors, stored as XML files on github. We have downloaded one of these detectors and stored it in the haarcascades directory.

In the next code cell, we demonstrate how to use this detector to find human faces in a sample image.

In [3]:
import cv2                
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt                        
%matplotlib inline                               

# extract pre-trained face detector
face_cascade = cv2.CascadeClassifier('haarcascades/haarcascade_frontalface_alt.xml')

# load color (BGR) image
img = cv2.imread(human_files[25])
# convert BGR image to grayscale
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

# find faces in image
faces = face_cascade.detectMultiScale(gray)
print(faces)
# x,y,w,h ( x,y ) --> coordinates of top left of the box, (w,h) --> width and height of the box.
#dimention check

print('dimentions for face {}'.format(faces.shape))

# print number of faces detected in the image
print('Number of faces detected:', len(faces))

# get bounding box for each detected face
for (x,y,w,h) in faces:
    # add bounding box to color image
    cv2.rectangle(img,(x,y),(x+w,y+h),(255,0,0),2) #rectangle require top left, bottom right points to draw the rectangle
    
# convert BGR image to RGB for plotting
cv_rgb = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)

# display the image, along with bounding box
plt.imshow(cv_rgb)
plt.show()
[[ 65  67 115 115]]
dimentions for face (1, 4)
Number of faces detected: 1

Before using any of the face detectors, it is standard procedure to convert the images to grayscale. The detectMultiScale function executes the classifier stored in face_cascade and takes the grayscale image as a parameter.

In the above code, faces is a numpy array of detected faces, where each row corresponds to a detected face. Each detected face is a 1D array with four entries that specifies the bounding box of the detected face. The first two entries in the array (extracted in the above code as x and y) specify the horizontal and vertical positions of the top left corner of the bounding box. The last two entries in the array (extracted here as w and h) specify the width and height of the box.

Write a Human Face Detector

We can use this procedure to write a function that returns True if a human face is detected in an image and False otherwise. This function, aptly named face_detector, takes a string-valued file path to an image as input and appears in the code block below.

In [4]:
# returns "True" if face is detected in image stored at img_path
def face_detector(img_path):
    img = cv2.imread(img_path)
    gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
    faces = face_cascade.detectMultiScale(gray)
    return len(faces) > 0

(IMPLEMENTATION) Assess the Human Face Detector

Question 1: Use the code cell below to test the performance of the face_detector function.

  • What percentage of the first 100 images in human_files have a detected human face?
  • What percentage of the first 100 images in dog_files have a detected human face?

Ideally, we would like 100% of human images with a detected face and 0% of dog images with a detected face. You will see that our algorithm falls short of this goal, but still gives acceptable performance. We extract the file paths for the first 100 images from each of the datasets and store them in the numpy arrays human_files_short and dog_files_short.

Answer: From the below result we can see 11% humans were detected in the dog files short, however the human faces seems to be correctly detected 100%

In [5]:
human_files_short = human_files[:100]
dog_files_short = train_files[:100]

# Do NOT modify the code above this line.

human_count = 0 
for human in human_files_short:
    if face_detector(human):
        human_count += 1

dog_count =0 
for dog in dog_files_short:
    if face_detector(dog):
        dog_count += 1
       
## TODO: Test the performance of the face_detector algorithm 
## on the images in human_files_short and dog_files_short.
print('From human Data Set:Number humans detected {} out of {}'.format(human_count,len(human_files_short)))
print('From Dogs Data Set :Number humans detected {} out of {}'.format(dog_count,len(dog_files_short)))
From human Data Set:Number humans detected 100 out of 100
From Dogs Data Set :Number humans detected 11 out of 100

Question 2: This algorithmic choice necessitates that we communicate to the user that we accept human images only when they provide a clear view of a face (otherwise, we risk having unneccessarily frustrated users!). In your opinion, is this a reasonable expectation to pose on the user? If not, can you think of a way to detect humans in images that does not necessitate an image with a clearly presented face?

Answer: I feel its a resonable expectatation , we should probably take a probability measure to see how much sure it was a human face , if it a low probability its better to ignore such faces and report proper message to the user.

We suggest the face detector from OpenCV as a potential way to detect human images in your algorithm, but you are free to explore other approaches, especially approaches that make use of deep learning :). Please use the code cell below to design and test your own face detection algorithm. If you decide to pursue this optional task, report performance on each of the datasets.

In [6]:
## (Optional) TODO: Report the performance of another  
## face detection algorithm on the LFW dataset
### Feel free to use as many code cells as needed.

Step 2: Detect Dogs

In this section, we use a pre-trained ResNet-50 model to detect dogs in images. Our first line of code downloads the ResNet-50 model, along with weights that have been trained on ImageNet, a very large, very popular dataset used for image classification and other vision tasks. ImageNet contains over 10 million URLs, each linking to an image containing an object from one of 1000 categories. Given an image, this pre-trained ResNet-50 model returns a prediction (derived from the available categories in ImageNet) for the object that is contained in the image.

In [6]:
from keras.applications.resnet50 import ResNet50

# define ResNet50 model
ResNet50_model = ResNet50(weights='imagenet')
Downloading data from https://github.com/fchollet/deep-learning-models/releases/download/v0.2/resnet50_weights_tf_dim_ordering_tf_kernels.h5
102858752/102853048 [==============================] - 2s 0us/step

Pre-process the Data

When using TensorFlow as backend, Keras CNNs require a 4D array (which we'll also refer to as a 4D tensor) as input, with shape

$$ (\text{nb_samples}, \text{rows}, \text{columns}, \text{channels}), $$

where nb_samples corresponds to the total number of images (or samples), and rows, columns, and channels correspond to the number of rows, columns, and channels for each image, respectively.

The path_to_tensor function below takes a string-valued file path to a color image as input and returns a 4D tensor suitable for supplying to a Keras CNN. The function first loads the image and resizes it to a square image that is $224 \times 224$ pixels. Next, the image is converted to an array, which is then resized to a 4D tensor. In this case, since we are working with color images, each image has three channels. Likewise, since we are processing a single image (or sample), the returned tensor will always have shape

$$ (1, 224, 224, 3). $$

The paths_to_tensor function takes a numpy array of string-valued image paths as input and returns a 4D tensor with shape

$$ (\text{nb_samples}, 224, 224, 3). $$

Here, nb_samples is the number of samples, or number of images, in the supplied array of image paths. It is best to think of nb_samples as the number of 3D tensors (where each 3D tensor corresponds to a different image) in your dataset!

In [50]:
from keras.preprocessing import image                  
from tqdm import tqdm

def path_to_tensor(img_path):
    # loads RGB image as PIL.Image.Image type
    img = image.load_img(img_path, target_size=(224, 224))
    # convert PIL.Image.Image type to 3D tensor with shape (224, 224, 3)
    x = image.img_to_array(img)
    # convert 3D tensor to 4D tensor with shape (1, 224, 224, 3) and return 4D tensor
    return np.expand_dims(x, axis=0)

def paths_to_tensor(img_paths):
    list_of_tensors = [path_to_tensor(img_path) for img_path in tqdm(img_paths)]
    return np.vstack(list_of_tensors)

Making Predictions with ResNet-50

Getting the 4D tensor ready for ResNet-50, and for any other pre-trained model in Keras, requires some additional processing. First, the RGB image is converted to BGR by reordering the channels. All pre-trained models have the additional normalization step that the mean pixel (expressed in RGB as $[103.939, 116.779, 123.68]$ and calculated from all pixels in all images in ImageNet) must be subtracted from every pixel in each image. This is implemented in the imported function preprocess_input. If you're curious, you can check the code for preprocess_input here.

Now that we have a way to format our image for supplying to ResNet-50, we are now ready to use the model to extract the predictions. This is accomplished with the predict method, which returns an array whose $i$-th entry is the model's predicted probability that the image belongs to the $i$-th ImageNet category. This is implemented in the ResNet50_predict_labels function below.

By taking the argmax of the predicted probability vector, we obtain an integer corresponding to the model's predicted object class, which we can identify with an object category through the use of this dictionary.

In [51]:
from keras.applications.resnet50 import preprocess_input, decode_predictions

def ResNet50_predict_labels(img_path):
    # returns prediction vector for image located at img_path
    img = preprocess_input(path_to_tensor(img_path))
    return np.argmax(ResNet50_model.predict(img))

Write a Dog Detector

While looking at the dictionary, you will notice that the categories corresponding to dogs appear in an uninterrupted sequence and correspond to dictionary keys 151-268, inclusive, to include all categories from 'Chihuahua' to 'Mexican hairless'. Thus, in order to check to see if an image is predicted to contain a dog by the pre-trained ResNet-50 model, we need only check if the ResNet50_predict_labels function above returns a value between 151 and 268 (inclusive).

We use these ideas to complete the dog_detector function below, which returns True if a dog is detected in an image (and False if not).

In [52]:
### returns "True" if a dog is detected in the image stored at img_path
def dog_detector(img_path):
    prediction = ResNet50_predict_labels(img_path)
    return ((prediction <= 268) & (prediction >= 151)) 
In [53]:
for img_path in glob('test_images/*.jpg'):
    print('Entered {} , predicted {}'.format(img_path.split('/')[-1].split('.')[0],dog_detector(img_path)))
Entered pug-breed-header , predicted True
Entered tesla , predicted False
Entered german_shep , predicted True
Entered newton , predicted False
Entered albert-einstein-9285408-1-402 , predicted False
Entered bull_dog , predicted True
Entered mary curie , predicted False
Entered images , predicted True

(IMPLEMENTATION) Assess the Dog Detector

Question 3: Use the code cell below to test the performance of your dog_detector function.

  • What percentage of the images in human_files_short have a detected dog?
  • What percentage of the images in dog_files_short have a detected dog?

Answer: from the output below we can see no dogs were detected in human file, and all dogs are detected in the dog files it is 100% accurate when tried on the small sample.

In [20]:
### TODO: Test the performance of the dog_detector function
### on the images in human_files_short and dog_files_short.
import matplotlib.image as mpimg

dogs_count=0
for humans in human_files_short:
    if dog_detector(human):
        dogs_count = dogs_count + 1

dogs_count_2 =0 
for dogs in dog_files_short:
    if dog_detector(dogs):
        dogs_count_2 = dogs_count_2 + 1

print("Number of dogs detected in human file {} out of {}".format(dogs_count,len(human_files_short)))
print("Number of dogs detected in dogs file {} out of {}".format(dogs_count_2,len(dog_files_short)))
Number of dogs detected in human file 0 out of 100
Number of dogs detected in dogs file 100 out of 100

Step 3: Create a CNN to Classify Dog Breeds (from Scratch)

Now that we have functions for detecting humans and dogs in images, we need a way to predict breed from images. In this step, you will create a CNN that classifies dog breeds. You must create your CNN from scratch (so, you can't use transfer learning yet!), and you must attain a test accuracy of at least 1%. In Step 5 of this notebook, you will have the opportunity to use transfer learning to create a CNN that attains greatly improved accuracy.

Be careful with adding too many trainable layers! More parameters means longer training, which means you are more likely to need a GPU to accelerate the training process. Thankfully, Keras provides a handy estimate of the time that each epoch is likely to take; you can extrapolate this estimate to figure out how long it will take for your algorithm to train.

We mention that the task of assigning breed to dogs from images is considered exceptionally challenging. To see why, consider that even a human would have great difficulty in distinguishing between a Brittany and a Welsh Springer Spaniel.

Brittany Welsh Springer Spaniel

It is not difficult to find other dog breed pairs with minimal inter-class variation (for instance, Curly-Coated Retrievers and American Water Spaniels).

Curly-Coated Retriever American Water Spaniel

Likewise, recall that labradors come in yellow, chocolate, and black. Your vision-based algorithm will have to conquer this high intra-class variation to determine how to classify all of these different shades as the same breed.

Yellow Labrador Chocolate Labrador Black Labrador

We also mention that random chance presents an exceptionally low bar: setting aside the fact that the classes are slightly imabalanced, a random guess will provide a correct answer roughly 1 in 133 times, which corresponds to an accuracy of less than 1%.

Remember that the practice is far ahead of the theory in deep learning. Experiment with many different architectures, and trust your intuition. And, of course, have fun!

Pre-process the Data

We rescale the images by dividing every pixel in every image by 255.

In [21]:
from PIL import ImageFile                            
ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = True                 

# pre-process the data for Keras
train_tensors = paths_to_tensor(train_files).astype('float32')/255
valid_tensors = paths_to_tensor(valid_files).astype('float32')/255
test_tensors = paths_to_tensor(test_files).astype('float32')/255
100%|██████████| 6680/6680 [01:26<00:00, 49.29it/s] 
100%|██████████| 835/835 [00:09<00:00, 84.22it/s] 
100%|██████████| 836/836 [00:10<00:00, 83.35it/s] 
In [22]:
from keras.layers import Conv2D, MaxPooling2D, GlobalAveragePooling2D
from keras.layers import Dropout, Flatten, Dense
from keras.models import Sequential

model = Sequential()
model.add(Conv2D(filters=16, kernel_size=3, activation='relu', input_shape=train_tensors.shape[1:], padding='same'))
model.add(MaxPooling2D(pool_size=2))
model.add(Conv2D(filters=32,kernel_size=3,activation='relu'))
model.add(MaxPooling2D(pool_size=2))
model.add(Conv2D(filters=64,kernel_size=3,activation='relu'))
model.add(MaxPooling2D(pool_size=2))
model.add(Dropout(0.3))
model.add(Flatten())
model.add(Dense(len(dog_names),activation='softmax'))


### TODO: Define your architecture.

model.summary()
_________________________________________________________________
Layer (type)                 Output Shape              Param #   
=================================================================
conv2d_1 (Conv2D)            (None, 224, 224, 16)      448       
_________________________________________________________________
max_pooling2d_2 (MaxPooling2 (None, 112, 112, 16)      0         
_________________________________________________________________
conv2d_2 (Conv2D)            (None, 110, 110, 32)      4640      
_________________________________________________________________
max_pooling2d_3 (MaxPooling2 (None, 55, 55, 32)        0         
_________________________________________________________________
conv2d_3 (Conv2D)            (None, 53, 53, 64)        18496     
_________________________________________________________________
max_pooling2d_4 (MaxPooling2 (None, 26, 26, 64)        0         
_________________________________________________________________
dropout_1 (Dropout)          (None, 26, 26, 64)        0         
_________________________________________________________________
flatten_2 (Flatten)          (None, 43264)             0         
_________________________________________________________________
dense_1 (Dense)              (None, 133)               5754245   
=================================================================
Total params: 5,777,829
Trainable params: 5,777,829
Non-trainable params: 0
_________________________________________________________________

(IMPLEMENTATION) Model Architecture

Create a CNN to classify dog breed. At the end of your code cell block, summarize the layers of your model by executing the line:

    model.summary()

We have imported some Python modules to get you started, but feel free to import as many modules as you need. If you end up getting stuck, here's a hint that specifies a model that trains relatively fast on CPU and attains >1% test accuracy in 5 epochs:

Sample CNN

Question 4: Outline the steps you took to get to your final CNN architecture and your reasoning at each step. If you chose to use the hinted architecture above, describe why you think that CNN architecture should work well for the image classification task.

Answer: I feel the only few steps which can be explained in the CNN architecture the input out put and the layers added for the dropout. Input size should match with the Input image size and the final step should match with the number of classes being predicted. The other layers are based on the careful expermentation beyond any reasonable theoritical explanation.After the few iterations I felt it was way better to approch it using the trasfer learning knowing the fact that it would easily reach 40% accuracy.Hence I stopped executing further steps to optimise if there is any better way.

Compile the Model

In [23]:
model.compile(optimizer='rmsprop', loss='categorical_crossentropy', metrics=['accuracy'])

(IMPLEMENTATION) Train the Model

Train your model in the code cell below. Use model checkpointing to save the model that attains the best validation loss.

You are welcome to augment the training data, but this is not a requirement.

In [24]:
from keras.callbacks import ModelCheckpoint  

### TODO: specify the number of epochs that you would like to use to train the model.

epochs = 5

### Do NOT modify the code below this line.

checkpointer = ModelCheckpoint(filepath='saved_models/weights.best.from_scratch.hdf5', 
                               verbose=1, save_best_only=True)

model.fit(train_tensors, train_targets, 
          validation_data=(valid_tensors, valid_targets),
          epochs=epochs, batch_size=20, callbacks=[checkpointer], verbose=1)
Train on 6680 samples, validate on 835 samples
Epoch 1/5
6660/6680 [============================>.] - ETA: 0s - loss: 4.8178 - acc: 0.0215Epoch 00001: val_loss improved from inf to 4.66197, saving model to saved_models/weights.best.from_scratch.hdf5
6680/6680 [==============================] - 25s 4ms/step - loss: 4.8179 - acc: 0.0216 - val_loss: 4.6620 - val_acc: 0.0491
Epoch 2/5
6660/6680 [============================>.] - ETA: 0s - loss: 4.1006 - acc: 0.1173Epoch 00002: val_loss improved from 4.66197 to 4.45677, saving model to saved_models/weights.best.from_scratch.hdf5
6680/6680 [==============================] - 25s 4ms/step - loss: 4.1002 - acc: 0.1172 - val_loss: 4.4568 - val_acc: 0.0707
Epoch 3/5
6660/6680 [============================>.] - ETA: 0s - loss: 2.6092 - acc: 0.4003Epoch 00003: val_loss did not improve
6680/6680 [==============================] - 24s 4ms/step - loss: 2.6084 - acc: 0.4001 - val_loss: 5.0186 - val_acc: 0.0886
Epoch 4/5
6660/6680 [============================>.] - ETA: 0s - loss: 1.4382 - acc: 0.6491Epoch 00004: val_loss did not improve
6680/6680 [==============================] - 24s 4ms/step - loss: 1.4384 - acc: 0.6488 - val_loss: 6.0756 - val_acc: 0.0838
Epoch 5/5
6660/6680 [============================>.] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.6986 - acc: 0.8167Epoch 00005: val_loss did not improve
6680/6680 [==============================] - 24s 4ms/step - loss: 0.6983 - acc: 0.8168 - val_loss: 7.1011 - val_acc: 0.0802
Out[24]:
<keras.callbacks.History at 0x7ff8c1f9e438>

Load the Model with the Best Validation Loss

In [65]:
model.load_weights('saved_models/weights.best.from_scratch.hdf5')

Test the Model

Try out your model on the test dataset of dog images. Ensure that your test accuracy is greater than 1%.

In [66]:
# get index of predicted dog breed for each image in test set
dog_breed_predictions = [np.argmax(model.predict(np.expand_dims(tensor, axis=0))) for tensor in test_tensors]

# report test accuracy
test_accuracy = 100*np.sum(np.array(dog_breed_predictions)==np.argmax(test_targets, axis=1))/len(dog_breed_predictions)
print('Test accuracy: %.4f%%' % test_accuracy)
Test accuracy: 7.8947%

Step 4: Use a CNN to Classify Dog Breeds

To reduce training time without sacrificing accuracy, we show you how to train a CNN using transfer learning. In the following step, you will get a chance to use transfer learning to train your own CNN.

Obtain Bottleneck Features

In [25]:
bottleneck_features = np.load('/data/bottleneck_features/DogVGG16Data.npz')
train_VGG16 = bottleneck_features['train']
valid_VGG16 = bottleneck_features['valid']
test_VGG16 = bottleneck_features['test']
print(test_VGG16.shape)
(836, 7, 7, 512)

Model Architecture

The model uses the the pre-trained VGG-16 model as a fixed feature extractor, where the last convolutional output of VGG-16 is fed as input to our model. We only add a global average pooling layer and a fully connected layer, where the latter contains one node for each dog category and is equipped with a softmax.

In [26]:
VGG16_model = Sequential()
VGG16_model.add(GlobalAveragePooling2D(input_shape=train_VGG16.shape[1:]))
VGG16_model.add(Dense(133, activation='softmax'))

VGG16_model.summary()
_________________________________________________________________
Layer (type)                 Output Shape              Param #   
=================================================================
global_average_pooling2d_1 ( (None, 512)               0         
_________________________________________________________________
dense_2 (Dense)              (None, 133)               68229     
=================================================================
Total params: 68,229
Trainable params: 68,229
Non-trainable params: 0
_________________________________________________________________

Compile the Model

In [27]:
VGG16_model.compile(loss='categorical_crossentropy', optimizer='rmsprop', metrics=['accuracy'])

Train the Model

In [28]:
checkpointer = ModelCheckpoint(filepath='saved_models/weights.best.VGG16.hdf5', 
                               verbose=1, save_best_only=True)

VGG16_model.fit(train_VGG16, train_targets, 
          validation_data=(valid_VGG16, valid_targets),
          epochs=20, batch_size=20, callbacks=[checkpointer], verbose=1)
Train on 6680 samples, validate on 835 samples
Epoch 1/20
6580/6680 [============================>.] - ETA: 0s - loss: 11.7078 - acc: 0.1354Epoch 00001: val_loss improved from inf to 9.87028, saving model to saved_models/weights.best.VGG16.hdf5
6680/6680 [==============================] - 2s 355us/step - loss: 11.6853 - acc: 0.1362 - val_loss: 9.8703 - val_acc: 0.2323
Epoch 2/20
6580/6680 [============================>.] - ETA: 0s - loss: 9.2270 - acc: 0.3088Epoch 00002: val_loss improved from 9.87028 to 9.10358, saving model to saved_models/weights.best.VGG16.hdf5
6680/6680 [==============================] - 2s 304us/step - loss: 9.2215 - acc: 0.3096 - val_loss: 9.1036 - val_acc: 0.3138
Epoch 3/20
6600/6680 [============================>.] - ETA: 0s - loss: 8.6457 - acc: 0.3826Epoch 00003: val_loss improved from 9.10358 to 8.86210, saving model to saved_models/weights.best.VGG16.hdf5
6680/6680 [==============================] - 2s 302us/step - loss: 8.6611 - acc: 0.3819 - val_loss: 8.8621 - val_acc: 0.3485
Epoch 4/20
6540/6680 [============================>.] - ETA: 0s - loss: 8.4481 - acc: 0.4239Epoch 00004: val_loss improved from 8.86210 to 8.83390, saving model to saved_models/weights.best.VGG16.hdf5
6680/6680 [==============================] - 2s 301us/step - loss: 8.4232 - acc: 0.4249 - val_loss: 8.8339 - val_acc: 0.3772
Epoch 5/20
6600/6680 [============================>.] - ETA: 0s - loss: 8.3070 - acc: 0.4447Epoch 00005: val_loss improved from 8.83390 to 8.78554, saving model to saved_models/weights.best.VGG16.hdf5
6680/6680 [==============================] - 2s 294us/step - loss: 8.3046 - acc: 0.4452 - val_loss: 8.7855 - val_acc: 0.3832
Epoch 6/20
6480/6680 [============================>.] - ETA: 0s - loss: 8.2245 - acc: 0.4586Epoch 00006: val_loss did not improve
6680/6680 [==============================] - 2s 246us/step - loss: 8.2479 - acc: 0.4576 - val_loss: 8.7870 - val_acc: 0.3737
Epoch 7/20
6560/6680 [============================>.] - ETA: 0s - loss: 8.2064 - acc: 0.4649Epoch 00007: val_loss improved from 8.78554 to 8.77946, saving model to saved_models/weights.best.VGG16.hdf5
6680/6680 [==============================] - 2s 246us/step - loss: 8.2015 - acc: 0.4647 - val_loss: 8.7795 - val_acc: 0.3725
Epoch 8/20
6500/6680 [============================>.] - ETA: 0s - loss: 8.1646 - acc: 0.4722Epoch 00008: val_loss improved from 8.77946 to 8.71105, saving model to saved_models/weights.best.VGG16.hdf5
6680/6680 [==============================] - 2s 247us/step - loss: 8.1569 - acc: 0.4728 - val_loss: 8.7111 - val_acc: 0.3928
Epoch 9/20
6520/6680 [============================>.] - ETA: 0s - loss: 8.0399 - acc: 0.4801Epoch 00009: val_loss improved from 8.71105 to 8.63438, saving model to saved_models/weights.best.VGG16.hdf5
6680/6680 [==============================] - 2s 248us/step - loss: 8.0435 - acc: 0.4799 - val_loss: 8.6344 - val_acc: 0.3904
Epoch 10/20
6480/6680 [============================>.] - ETA: 0s - loss: 7.8287 - acc: 0.4895Epoch 00010: val_loss improved from 8.63438 to 8.31689, saving model to saved_models/weights.best.VGG16.hdf5
6680/6680 [==============================] - 2s 248us/step - loss: 7.8148 - acc: 0.4906 - val_loss: 8.3169 - val_acc: 0.4024
Epoch 11/20
6620/6680 [============================>.] - ETA: 0s - loss: 7.6676 - acc: 0.5056Epoch 00011: val_loss improved from 8.31689 to 8.28037, saving model to saved_models/weights.best.VGG16.hdf5
6680/6680 [==============================] - 2s 246us/step - loss: 7.6664 - acc: 0.5058 - val_loss: 8.2804 - val_acc: 0.4156
Epoch 12/20
6500/6680 [============================>.] - ETA: 0s - loss: 7.5941 - acc: 0.5112Epoch 00012: val_loss improved from 8.28037 to 8.12594, saving model to saved_models/weights.best.VGG16.hdf5
6680/6680 [==============================] - 2s 247us/step - loss: 7.5738 - acc: 0.5124 - val_loss: 8.1259 - val_acc: 0.4144
Epoch 13/20
6560/6680 [============================>.] - ETA: 0s - loss: 7.3788 - acc: 0.5235Epoch 00013: val_loss improved from 8.12594 to 8.09349, saving model to saved_models/weights.best.VGG16.hdf5
6680/6680 [==============================] - 2s 246us/step - loss: 7.3877 - acc: 0.5229 - val_loss: 8.0935 - val_acc: 0.4204
Epoch 14/20
6600/6680 [============================>.] - ETA: 0s - loss: 7.2144 - acc: 0.5315Epoch 00014: val_loss improved from 8.09349 to 7.93329, saving model to saved_models/weights.best.VGG16.hdf5
6680/6680 [==============================] - 2s 246us/step - loss: 7.2230 - acc: 0.5310 - val_loss: 7.9333 - val_acc: 0.4240
Epoch 15/20
6500/6680 [============================>.] - ETA: 0s - loss: 7.0759 - acc: 0.5471Epoch 00015: val_loss improved from 7.93329 to 7.85286, saving model to saved_models/weights.best.VGG16.hdf5
6680/6680 [==============================] - 2s 247us/step - loss: 7.0866 - acc: 0.5467 - val_loss: 7.8529 - val_acc: 0.4395
Epoch 16/20
6560/6680 [============================>.] - ETA: 0s - loss: 7.0246 - acc: 0.5497Epoch 00016: val_loss improved from 7.85286 to 7.66199, saving model to saved_models/weights.best.VGG16.hdf5
6680/6680 [==============================] - 2s 247us/step - loss: 7.0193 - acc: 0.5501 - val_loss: 7.6620 - val_acc: 0.4443
Epoch 17/20
6560/6680 [============================>.] - ETA: 0s - loss: 6.8617 - acc: 0.5591Epoch 00017: val_loss improved from 7.66199 to 7.59143, saving model to saved_models/weights.best.VGG16.hdf5
6680/6680 [==============================] - 2s 246us/step - loss: 6.8403 - acc: 0.5606 - val_loss: 7.5914 - val_acc: 0.4503
Epoch 18/20
6540/6680 [============================>.] - ETA: 0s - loss: 6.7848 - acc: 0.5702Epoch 00018: val_loss improved from 7.59143 to 7.56175, saving model to saved_models/weights.best.VGG16.hdf5
6680/6680 [==============================] - 2s 247us/step - loss: 6.7963 - acc: 0.5695 - val_loss: 7.5617 - val_acc: 0.4551
Epoch 19/20
6640/6680 [============================>.] - ETA: 0s - loss: 6.7481 - acc: 0.5711Epoch 00019: val_loss did not improve
6680/6680 [==============================] - 2s 245us/step - loss: 6.7491 - acc: 0.5710 - val_loss: 7.5960 - val_acc: 0.4503
Epoch 20/20
6560/6680 [============================>.] - ETA: 0s - loss: 6.7253 - acc: 0.5788Epoch 00020: val_loss improved from 7.56175 to 7.48280, saving model to saved_models/weights.best.VGG16.hdf5
6680/6680 [==============================] - 2s 246us/step - loss: 6.7107 - acc: 0.5798 - val_loss: 7.4828 - val_acc: 0.4671
Out[28]:
<keras.callbacks.History at 0x7ff89ef3c5f8>

Load the Model with the Best Validation Loss

In [29]:
VGG16_model.load_weights('saved_models/weights.best.VGG16.hdf5')

Test the Model

Now, we can use the CNN to test how well it identifies breed within our test dataset of dog images. We print the test accuracy below.

In [30]:
# get index of predicted dog breed for each image in test set
VGG16_predictions = [np.argmax(VGG16_model.predict(np.expand_dims(feature, axis=0))) for feature in test_VGG16]

# report test accuracy
test_accuracy = 100*np.sum(np.array(VGG16_predictions)==np.argmax(test_targets, axis=1))/len(VGG16_predictions)
print('Test accuracy: %.4f%%' % test_accuracy)
Test accuracy: 47.3684%

Predict Dog Breed with the Model

In [31]:
from extract_bottleneck_features import *

def VGG16_predict_breed(img_path):
    # extract bottleneck features
    bottleneck_feature = extract_VGG16(paths_to_tensor(img_path))
    # obtain predicted vector
    predicted_vector = VGG16_model.predict(bottleneck_feature)
    # return dog breed that is predicted by the model
    return dog_names[np.argmax(predicted_vector)]

Step 5: Create a CNN to Classify Dog Breeds (using Transfer Learning)

You will now use transfer learning to create a CNN that can identify dog breed from images. Your CNN must attain at least 60% accuracy on the test set.

In Step 4, we used transfer learning to create a CNN using VGG-16 bottleneck features. In this section, you must use the bottleneck features from a different pre-trained model. To make things easier for you, we have pre-computed the features for all of the networks that are currently available in Keras. These are already in the workspace, at /data/bottleneck_features. If you wish to download them on a different machine, they can be found at:

The files are encoded as such:

Dog{network}Data.npz

where {network}, in the above filename, can be one of VGG19, Resnet50, InceptionV3, or Xception.

The above architectures are downloaded and stored for you in the /data/bottleneck_features/ folder.

This means the following will be in the /data/bottleneck_features/ folder:

DogVGG19Data.npz DogResnet50Data.npz DogInceptionV3Data.npz DogXceptionData.npz

(IMPLEMENTATION) Obtain Bottleneck Features

In the code block below, extract the bottleneck features corresponding to the train, test, and validation sets by running the following:

bottleneck_features = np.load('/data/bottleneck_features/Dog{network}Data.npz')
train_{network} = bottleneck_features['train']
valid_{network} = bottleneck_features['valid']
test_{network} = bottleneck_features['test']

(IMPLEMENTATION) Model Architecture

Create a CNN to classify dog breed. At the end of your code cell block, summarize the layers of your model by executing the line:

    <your model's name>.summary()

Question 5: Outline the steps you took to get to your final CNN architecture and your reasoning at each step. Describe why you think the architecture is suitable for the current problem.

Answer: We can see from steps below that Xception model has the best accuracy. Hence its used to predict the dog breed.

In [32]:
def run_modes(models):
    d={}
    results =[]
    for model in models:
        path1 = '/data/bottleneck_features/Dog'+model+'Data.npz'
        np.load(path1)
        bottleneck_features = np.load(path1)
        start_time = time.time()
        train = bottleneck_features['train']
        valid = bottleneck_features['valid']
        test  = bottleneck_features['test']
        curr_model = Sequential()
        curr_model.add(GlobalAveragePooling2D(input_shape=train.shape[1:]))
        curr_model.add(Dense(133, activation='softmax'))
        curr_model.summary()

        curr_model.compile(loss='categorical_crossentropy', optimizer='rmsprop', metrics=['accuracy'])
        path = 'saved_models/weights.best.'+model+'.hdf5'
        checkpointer = ModelCheckpoint(filepath=path, verbose=0, save_best_only=True)
    
        curr_model.fit(train, train_targets, 
        validation_data=(valid, valid_targets),epochs=20, batch_size=20, callbacks=[checkpointer], verbose=0)
    
        curr_model.load_weights(path)
        curr_predictions = [np.argmax(curr_model.predict(np.expand_dims(feature, axis=0))) for feature in test]
        test_accuracy = 100*np.sum(np.array(curr_predictions)==np.argmax(test_targets, axis=1))/len(curr_predictions)
        end_time = time.time()
        d['model'] = model
        d['accuracy']=test_accuracy
        d['time'] = end_time - start_time
        results.append(d)
        d={}
        print('Model {} has accuracy of {} and finished in {}'.format(model,test_accuracy,end_time-start_time))
    return results
In [33]:
## How about testing all the models above to find the one with highest accuracy
import time
import pandas as pd
models = [ 'VGG19', 'Resnet50', 'InceptionV3', 'Xception']
results=run_modes(models)
x=pd.DataFrame(results)
x.index = x.model
x.columns=['accuracy','model','time']
print(x)
x.plot(kind='bar',figsize=(12,8),title='Comparision of Models')
_________________________________________________________________
Layer (type)                 Output Shape              Param #   
=================================================================
global_average_pooling2d_2 ( (None, 512)               0         
_________________________________________________________________
dense_3 (Dense)              (None, 133)               68229     
=================================================================
Total params: 68,229
Trainable params: 68,229
Non-trainable params: 0
_________________________________________________________________
Model VGG19 has accuracy of 46.5311004784689 and finished in 40.58593940734863
_________________________________________________________________
Layer (type)                 Output Shape              Param #   
=================================================================
global_average_pooling2d_3 ( (None, 2048)              0         
_________________________________________________________________
dense_4 (Dense)              (None, 133)               272517    
=================================================================
Total params: 272,517
Trainable params: 272,517
Non-trainable params: 0
_________________________________________________________________
Model Resnet50 has accuracy of 81.9377990430622 and finished in 30.011603355407715
_________________________________________________________________
Layer (type)                 Output Shape              Param #   
=================================================================
global_average_pooling2d_4 ( (None, 2048)              0         
_________________________________________________________________
dense_5 (Dense)              (None, 133)               272517    
=================================================================
Total params: 272,517
Trainable params: 272,517
Non-trainable params: 0
_________________________________________________________________
Model InceptionV3 has accuracy of 78.82775119617224 and finished in 53.27654218673706
_________________________________________________________________
Layer (type)                 Output Shape              Param #   
=================================================================
global_average_pooling2d_5 ( (None, 2048)              0         
_________________________________________________________________
dense_6 (Dense)              (None, 133)               272517    
=================================================================
Total params: 272,517
Trainable params: 272,517
Non-trainable params: 0
_________________________________________________________________
Model Xception has accuracy of 83.2535885167464 and finished in 88.8575210571289
              accuracy        model       time
model                                         
VGG19        46.531100        VGG19  40.585939
Resnet50     81.937799     Resnet50  30.011603
InceptionV3  78.827751  InceptionV3  53.276542
Xception     83.253589     Xception  88.857521
Out[33]:
<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x7ff89e3104e0>
In [35]:
x.loc[:,['accuracy','time']].apply(np.round) # table of results
Out[35]:
accuracy time
model
VGG19 47.0 41.0
Resnet50 82.0 30.0
InceptionV3 79.0 53.0
Xception 83.0 89.0

(IMPLEMENTATION) Compile the Model

TODO: Compile the model.

Steps required are implemented in the function above hence not repating it here.

(IMPLEMENTATION) Train the Model

Train your model in the code cell below. Use model checkpointing to save the model that attains the best validation loss.

You are welcome to augment the training data, but this is not a requirement.

TODO: Train the model.

Steps required are implemented in the function above hence not repating it here.

(IMPLEMENTATION) Load the Model with the Best Validation Loss

TODO: Load the model weights with the best validation loss.

Steps required are implemented in the function above hence not repating it here.

(IMPLEMENTATION) Test the Model

Try out your model on the test dataset of dog images. Ensure that your test accuracy is greater than 60%.

TODO: Calculate classification accuracy on the test dataset.

Steps required are implemented in the function above hence not repating it here.

(IMPLEMENTATION) Predict Dog Breed with the Model

Write a function that takes an image path as input and returns the dog breed (Affenpinscher, Afghan_hound, etc) that is predicted by your model.

Similar to the analogous function in Step 5, your function should have three steps:

  1. Extract the bottleneck features corresponding to the chosen CNN model.
  2. Supply the bottleneck features as input to the model to return the predicted vector. Note that the argmax of this prediction vector gives the index of the predicted dog breed.
  3. Use the dog_names array defined in Step 0 of this notebook to return the corresponding breed.

The functions to extract the bottleneck features can be found in extract_bottleneck_features.py, and they have been imported in an earlier code cell. To obtain the bottleneck features corresponding to your chosen CNN architecture, you need to use the function

extract_{network}

where {network}, in the above filename, should be one of VGG19, Resnet50, InceptionV3, or Xception.

Explnation: From the above analysis excpetion seems to be the best choice interms of the accuracy , although the time taken is slighly on higherside.Coincdently xception was the last model to test so curr_model would have exception . We would build a function below which would extract the bottleneck defeatures of exception model and pass it on the current model.

In [56]:
bottleneck_features = np.load('/data/bottleneck_features/DogXceptionData.npz')
train_Xception = bottleneck_features['train']
valid_Xception = bottleneck_features['valid']
test_Xception = bottleneck_features['test']

Xception_model = Sequential()
Xception_model.add(GlobalAveragePooling2D(input_shape=train_Xception.shape[1:]))
Xception_model.add(Dense(133, activation='softmax'))

Xception_model.summary()

Xception_model.compile(loss='categorical_crossentropy', optimizer='rmsprop', metrics=['accuracy'])

checkpointer = ModelCheckpoint(filepath='saved_models/weights.best.Xception.hdf5', 
                               verbose=1, save_best_only=True)

Xception_model.fit(train_Xception, train_targets, 
          validation_data=(valid_Xception, valid_targets),
          epochs=20, batch_size=20, callbacks=[checkpointer], verbose=0)
_________________________________________________________________
Layer (type)                 Output Shape              Param #   
=================================================================
global_average_pooling2d_7 ( (None, 2048)              0         
_________________________________________________________________
dense_8 (Dense)              (None, 133)               272517    
=================================================================
Total params: 272,517
Trainable params: 272,517
Non-trainable params: 0
_________________________________________________________________
Epoch 00001: val_loss improved from inf to 0.53607, saving model to saved_models/weights.best.Xception.hdf5
Epoch 00002: val_loss improved from 0.53607 to 0.48802, saving model to saved_models/weights.best.Xception.hdf5
Epoch 00003: val_loss did not improve
Epoch 00004: val_loss did not improve
Epoch 00005: val_loss did not improve
Epoch 00006: val_loss did not improve
Epoch 00007: val_loss did not improve
Epoch 00008: val_loss did not improve
Epoch 00009: val_loss did not improve
Epoch 00010: val_loss did not improve
Epoch 00011: val_loss did not improve
Epoch 00012: val_loss did not improve
Epoch 00013: val_loss did not improve
Epoch 00014: val_loss did not improve
Epoch 00015: val_loss did not improve
Epoch 00016: val_loss did not improve
Epoch 00017: val_loss did not improve
Epoch 00018: val_loss did not improve
Epoch 00019: val_loss did not improve
Epoch 00020: val_loss did not improve
Out[56]:
<keras.callbacks.History at 0x7ff61983ce80>
In [66]:
from keras.applications.xception import Xception,preprocess_input
def extract_xception(tensor):
    return Xception(weights='imagenet',include_top=False).predict(preprocess_input(tensor))
In [65]:
import matplotlib.image as mpimg
### TODO: Write a function that takes a path to an image as input
### and returns the dog breed that is predicted by the model.
def predict_dogbreed(path):
    input = path_to_tensor(path)
    bottleneck_features = extract_xception(input)
    prediction = np.argmax(Xception_model.predict(bottleneck_features))
    return dog_names[prediction].split(".")[1]
In [64]:
def sample_dog_image(breed):
    sample_path='/data/dog_images/train/*'+breed+'/'+breed+'_*.jpg'
    return str(glob(sample_path)[0])

Step 6: Write your Algorithm

Write an algorithm that accepts a file path to an image and first determines whether the image contains a human, dog, or neither. Then,

  • if a dog is detected in the image, return the predicted breed.
  • if a human is detected in the image, return the resembling dog breed.
  • if neither is detected in the image, provide output that indicates an error.

You are welcome to write your own functions for detecting humans and dogs in images, but feel free to use the face_detector and dog_detector functions developed above. You are required to use your CNN from Step 5 to predict dog breed.

Some sample output for our algorithm is provided below, but feel free to design your own user experience!

Sample Human Output

(IMPLEMENTATION) Write your Algorithm

In [67]:
### TODO: Write your algorithm.
### Feel free to use as many code cells as needed.
import matplotlib.image as mpimg
def detect_and_predict(path):
        breed=""
        message=""
        if dog_detector(path):
            message="Hello dog!! "
        if face_detector(path):
            message="Hello Human !! if you were a dog,"
        breed=predict_dogbreed(path)
        message=message+"Your Breed looks like "+breed
        print(message)
        sample_dog=sample_dog_image(breed)
        plt.figure(figsize=(10,20))
        plt.subplot(1,2,1,title="Entred")
        plt.imshow(mpimg.imread(path))
        plt.subplot(1,2,2,title="Predicted Sample")
        plt.imshow(mpimg.imread(sample_dog))
        plt.show

Step 7: Test Your Algorithm

In this section, you will take your new algorithm for a spin! What kind of dog does the algorithm think that you look like? If you have a dog, does it predict your dog's breed accurately? If you have a cat, does it mistakenly think that your cat is a dog?

(IMPLEMENTATION) Test Your Algorithm on Sample Images!

Test your algorithm at least six images on your computer. Feel free to use any images you like. Use at least two human and two dog images.

Question 6: Is the output better than you expected :) ? Or worse :( ? Provide at least three possible points of improvement for your algorithm.

Answer: Out of the twenty dogs/human faces given as input the algorithim seems to predict about 70% correctly which seems to be good for algorithim of this class. The possible improvements is to return "unable to detect" when the probability is too low for the classification and to improve the algorithim to predict mixed breeds and to be able to predict if the picture contains both dogs and humans.

In [61]:
## TODO: Execute your algorithm from Step 6 on
test_dogs=np.random.choice(test_files,size=10,replace=False)
test_humans=np.random.choice(human_files,size=10,replace=False)
final_test=np.concatenate((test_dogs,test_humans),axis=0)
np.random.shuffle(final_test)
In [63]:
for path in final_test:
    detect_and_predict(path)
Your Breed looks like Basenji
Hello Human !! if you were a dog,Your Breed looks like Pekingese
Hello Human !! if you were a dog,Your Breed looks like Lowchen
Your Breed looks like Great_dane
Hello Human !! if you were a dog,Your Breed looks like Glen_of_imaal_terrier
Your Breed looks like Affenpinscher
Your Breed looks like Bedlington_terrier
Your Breed looks like Bichon_frise
Your Breed looks like Cairn_terrier
Your Breed looks like Irish_red_and_white_setter
Your Breed looks like Ibizan_hound
Hello Human !! if you were a dog,Your Breed looks like Pekingese
Hello Human !! if you were a dog,Your Breed looks like Petit_basset_griffon_vendeen
Hello Human !! if you were a dog,Your Breed looks like Cavalier_king_charles_spaniel
Hello Human !! if you were a dog,Your Breed looks like Smooth_fox_terrier
Hello Human !! if you were a dog,Your Breed looks like Dandie_dinmont_terrier
Your Breed looks like Bull_terrier
Hello Human !! if you were a dog,Your Breed looks like Pekingese
Hello Human !! if you were a dog,Your Breed looks like Chinese_shar-pei
Hello Human !! if you were a dog,Your Breed looks like Chinese_shar-pei
In [68]:
for path in glob('test_images/*.jpg'):  
    detect_and_predict(path)
Your Breed looks like Pekingese
Hello Human !! if you were a dog,Your Breed looks like Cardigan_welsh_corgi
Hello Human !! if you were a dog,Your Breed looks like German_shepherd_dog
Hello Human !! if you were a dog,Your Breed looks like Poodle
Hello Human !! if you were a dog,Your Breed looks like Dachshund
Your Breed looks like American_staffordshire_terrier
Hello Human !! if you were a dog,Your Breed looks like Cardigan_welsh_corgi
Your Breed looks like American_eskimo_dog

Please download your notebook to submit

In order to submit, please do the following:

  1. Download an HTML version of the notebook to your computer using 'File: Download as...'
  2. Click on the orange Jupyter circle on the top left of the workspace.
  3. Navigate into the dog-project folder to ensure that you are using the provided dog_images, lfw, and bottleneck_features folders; this means that those folders will not appear in the dog-project folder. If they do appear because you downloaded them, delete them.
  4. While in the dog-project folder, upload the HTML version of this notebook you just downloaded. The upload button is on the top right.
  5. Navigate back to the home folder by clicking on the two dots next to the folder icon, and then open up a terminal under the 'new' tab on the top right
  6. Zip the dog-project folder with the following command in the terminal: zip -r dog-project.zip dog-project
  7. Download the zip file by clicking on the square next to it and selecting 'download'. This will be the zip file you turn in on the next node after this workspace!